نگاهی به ساختار زبان محاورهای مقالات شمس تبریزی | ||
| پژوهش های دستوری و بلاغی | ||
| دوره 15، شماره 27، تیر 1404، صفحه 45-64 اصل مقاله (1.48 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: دستوری | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22091/jls.2025.12806.1690 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| وحید مبارک* | ||
| دانشیار زبان وادبیات فارسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بخشی از سبک یک متن به ویژگیهای زبانی و ساخت نحوی آن مربوط میشود. مقالات شمس به دلیل محاورهای بودن و نابهسامانیهای یادداشتبرداری، در بخش عظیمی از آن ساختی آشفته دارد؛ ولی در بخشهای بازبینی شده و نامهنگاری منظمتر است. این جستار توصیفی-تحلیلی جنبههای زبانی و ساختنحوی مقالات شمس را که استاد موحد کمتر بدان پرداخته است مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار داده و به این پرسش پاسخ میدهد که نثر مقالات چه ویژگیهای زبانی دارد؟ یافتهها نشان میدهد که گفتار شمس، تعلیمی و آمرانه است، و بیشتر در صدد رساندن معناست، لذا ایجازی ویژه بر سخنش حکمفرماست و همین، سبب کثرت به کاربردن فعل و ضمایر متّصل، در گفتارش شده است. ضمن اینکه، غلبة جملههای کوتاه همپایۀ معطوف، روند جملهسازی او را به اعتدال در کاربرد جملههای ساده و مرکّب میکشاند. پیوند محور عمودی و تأثر آن از شکل داستان و روایت، در بندها و پارههای گفتار او، از ویژگیهای خاصّ مقالات شمس است و جابهجایی ارکان نحوی که بیشتر مبتنی بر اهمیّتِ بخشِ تصدیر یا تاخیر یافته و تبیین و فضاسازی و گاهی هم افزودن بخش از یاد رفته است، بسامدی ویژه دارد. درآمیختگی نثر با نظم و عربی با فارسی، تلمیحات دینی، استدلالهای تمثیلی، روایتها، خبر از مهارت در وعظ و دانایی وی دارند که بارها ادبورزانه آنرا نسبت به مولانا نشان دادهاست.دشنامهای او به دشمنانش هم بیمحاباست. کمی کاربرد لغات عربی، وجود واژگان کهن فارسی، سادگی و روانی متن و کاربست روایت و تمثیل، کاربست تشبیه، واقعگرایی و بهرهمندی از متافیزیک حضور و زبان بدن، استناد به آیات و روایات و قصص، درآمیختگی نظم و نثر و لحن تعلمی و آمرانه، نثر او را با وجود فنی بودن متمایل به نثر مرسل عالی همچون تاریخ بیهقی و قابوسنامه کرده است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| سبک"؛ جنبه های زبانی"؛ دستور زبان"؛ محاوره"؛ مقالات شمس"؛ "؛ نثر مرسل عالی" | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A look at the colloquial language structure of Shams Tabrizi's Magalat | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| vahid mobarak | ||
| Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Part of the style of a text is related to its linguistic features and syntactic structure. Shams's articles, due to their colloquial nature and disorganized note-taking, have a chaotic structure in a large part of them; but in the revised and correspondence sections, they are more organized. This descriptive-analytical essay examines and analyzes the linguistic aspects and syntactic structure of Shams's articles- less addressed by Professor Movahed- and answers the question: what are the linguistic features of the prose of the articles? The findings show that Shams's speech is more concerned with conveying meaning, so a special brevity dominates his speech. In addition, the predominance of short, coherent sentences leads his sentence-making process to moderation in the use of simple and compound sentences. The connection of the vertical axis and its influence on the form of the story and the narrative, and the displacement of syntactic elements that are mostly based on the importance of the part of the narration or delay and explanation and space-making and sometimes adding a forgotten part, have a special frequency. The combination of prose with poetry and Arabic with Persian, religious allusions, allegorical arguments, narrations, represent his skill in preaching and knowledge, which he has repeatedly shown modestly towards Rumi. His insults to his enemies are also unkind. The old Persian vocabulary, the simplicity and fluency of the text and the use of narration and allegory, the use of simile, realism and benefit from the metaphysics of presence and body language, the reference to verses, narrations and stories, the combination of poetry and prose and the educational and commanding tone, despite being technical, have made his prose tend towards the prose of great prose such as the History of Bayhaqi and Qaboos-nameh. The colloquial nature of Shams's articles has sometimes led to a lack of politeness, sometimes to the activation of the exit movement and the transfer of different parts of the sentence to after the verb, and at other times, the speaker has brought the verbs of the sentences to the beginning of the sentence. In the meantime, the movement of withdrawal is greater for clauses and complements. The spirit of laconicism in Shams' speech has led his words to brevity and deletions with and without parallel, and has provided equality in the use of simple and compound sentences, whose dependent clauses are often dependent on adjectives or nouns. Introduction Movahed with a tasteful criticism, in the introduction to the articles, while referring to Shams's “refusal of book writing”, describes his “charming prose” as follows:: "Shams' confident, dominant and dramatic expression and his carefree, unadorned, unpretentious and plaintive tone have a kind of wild, attractive and invigorating beauty." (1990: 38) It can be said the style of speech in Shams' articles with signs such as brevity, ambiguity and conciseness, repetition of verbs, short sentences, dominance of meaning over words, old and common words (Pandam, Lan, Taril, Lakas, Gharareh, Megrama, Lahora, Lars, etc.), is clearly different from the general style and technical and written prose of that period. Shams' discourse, with its frequent and incongruous omissions, is highly instructive and imperative, and is mostly aimed at conveying meaning, so a special brevity dominates his speech, which has led to the frequent use of verbs and relative pronouns in his writing. In addition, the prevalence of short sentences with a direct base leads his sentence-making process to moderation in the use of simple and compound sentences. The postponement and delay of sentence elements after the verb and the omission of the verb are frequently seen in his speech. He himself believed in the effectiveness of his speech and although he was said to have been a man of few words, he did not neglect to talk and converse with those in whose mirror he saw himself. However, he did not have any inclination to collect his articles and write them down, or to write other works. This is similar to what Rumi did in practice when he left school and settled in a monastery; however, the efforts of his disciples, especially Hesam al-Din Chalabi, have bequeathed us valuable works from this reluctance. Materials and Methods It is likely to assume that the scripted colloquial speech is different from the written prose of that period because written language changes later than the oral language which is subject to faster changes. Language can show this change in different vocabulary or syntactic (and morphological) structures; of course, adapting the prose of the articles to the written style of his period (technical prose) confirms the rapidity of the change in the colloquial language and Shams' articles, despite having some commonalities with the style of his period, have their own characteristics in terms of vocabulary frequencies, sentence structure and meaning transfer that are different from the style of his period. Separating colloquial or colloquial prose that has been written down from the formal and standard written prose is a necessity due to the deviation from the lexical, syntactic, and even phonetic norms of the colloquial language. This descriptive-analytical essay examines the colloquial language of Shams Tabrizi in his articles and aims to show the characteristics of this explicit, imperative, and didactic language. Research findings The findings show that Shams's Maghalat is didactic and imperative, and he mostly seeks to convey meaning, so a special brevity dominates his speech, which has led to the frequent use of verbs and continuous pronouns in his speech. In addition, the predominance of short, coherent sentences leads his sentence-building process to moderation in the use of simple and compound sentences. The connection of the vertical axis and its influence on the form of the story and narrative, in the clauses and parts of his speech, are special features of Shams' Maghalat, and the shifting of syntactic elements, which is mostly based on the importance of the part of the extension or delay, and the explanation and creation of space, and sometimes the addition of a forgotten part, has a special frequency. The combination of prose with poetry and Arabic with Persian, religious allusions, allegorical arguments, and narrations, are indicative of his skill in preaching and knowledge, which he has repeatedly shown politely towards Rumi. His insults to his enemies are also merciless. The limited use of Arabic words, the presence of old Persian words, the simplicity and fluency of the text, the use of narration and allegory, the use of simile, realism, and the benefit of the metaphysics of presence and body language, the reference to verses, narrations, and stories, the combination of verse and prose, and the educational and commanding tone, despite being technical, have made his prose tend toward the prose of the Mursal Aali such as the History of Bayhaqi and the Qaboos-nameh. Discussion of Results & Conclusion Since Shams's Magalat were summarized and then written down from Shams's lectures by others, a large part of this text is disorganized and chaotic; but it seems that his letters and those parts which have been revised are more organized. similes, allegories, simple language, metaphysics of presence and body language, and like popular texts, prose mixed with rhyme, and like official texts, documented in verses, hadiths and the like are used to influence the audience. Being colloquial sometimes causes the abandonment of politeness and often causes the activation of the exit movement and the transfer of different parts of the sentence to the after-verb and sometimes places the verb at the beginning of the sentence. In the meantime, the exit movement is greater for clauses and complements. The spirit of laconicism in Shams' speech has led to brevity and consistent and inconsistent omissions, and has provided a balance in the use of simple and compound sentences, whose dependent clauses are often based on adjectives or nouns. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Style, Linguistic Aspects, Grammar, Dialogue, Shams', s Magalat, Morsal Prose of the Great | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 309 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 40 |
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