سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی دانشگاه قم

Badicu, Georgian, Silva, Rui Miguel, Brini, Seifeddine, Gonzalez-Fernandes, Francisco Tomas, Ardigò, Luca Paolo. (1404). The Role of Neurofeedback and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (tDCS/rTMS) in Enhancing Athletic Performance and Psychological Resilience in Elite Athletes. پژوهش‌های فلسفی -کلامی, 2(3), 93-105. doi: 10.22091/frs.2025.13496.1092
Georgian Badicu; Rui Miguel Silva; Seifeddine Brini; Francisco Tomas Gonzalez-Fernandes; Luca Paolo Ardigò. "The Role of Neurofeedback and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (tDCS/rTMS) in Enhancing Athletic Performance and Psychological Resilience in Elite Athletes". پژوهش‌های فلسفی -کلامی, 2, 3, 1404, 93-105. doi: 10.22091/frs.2025.13496.1092
Badicu, Georgian, Silva, Rui Miguel, Brini, Seifeddine, Gonzalez-Fernandes, Francisco Tomas, Ardigò, Luca Paolo. (1404). 'The Role of Neurofeedback and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (tDCS/rTMS) in Enhancing Athletic Performance and Psychological Resilience in Elite Athletes', پژوهش‌های فلسفی -کلامی, 2(3), pp. 93-105. doi: 10.22091/frs.2025.13496.1092
Badicu, Georgian, Silva, Rui Miguel, Brini, Seifeddine, Gonzalez-Fernandes, Francisco Tomas, Ardigò, Luca Paolo. The Role of Neurofeedback and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (tDCS/rTMS) in Enhancing Athletic Performance and Psychological Resilience in Elite Athletes. پژوهش‌های فلسفی -کلامی, 1404; 2(3): 93-105. doi: 10.22091/frs.2025.13496.1092

The Role of Neurofeedback and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (tDCS/rTMS) in Enhancing Athletic Performance and Psychological Resilience in Elite Athletes

مطالعات عملکردی در روانشناسی ورزشی
دوره 2، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 7، مهر 1404، صفحه 93-105    اصل مقاله (398.31 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22091/frs.2025.13496.1092
نویسندگان
Georgian Badicu* 1؛ Rui Miguel Silva2؛ Seifeddine Brini3؛ Francisco Tomas Gonzalez-Fernandes4؛ Luca Paolo Ardigò5
1Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500068 Braşov, Romania.
2Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal; ResearchCenter in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
3Research Unit, Sportive Sciences, Health and Movement, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, 7100 Kef, Tunisia
4Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
5Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, 0166 Oslo, Norway.
چکیده
Objective: This study investigated the synergistic effects of neurofeedback (NF) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on enhancing athletic performance and psychological resilience in elite athletes, addressing critical gaps in standardized protocols and long-term efficacy within sports neuroscience.
Methods: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover design was employed with 60 national-level athletes (30 male, 30 female) stratified by sport type (endurance/skill-based). Participants underwent 10 sessions of either: (1) active NF (SMR upregulation via 64-channel EEG) + active tDCS (2mA over left DLPFC), (2) active NF + sham tDCS, (3) sham NF + active tDCS, or (4) sham NF + sham tDCS. Primary outcomes included sport-specific performance metrics (reaction time, time-to-exhaustion) and psychological resilience (CD-RISC-25), with secondary EEG measures (beta power, P300) assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 8-week follow-up.
Results: The combined NF+tDCS group demonstrated superior improvements versus sham controls: 15.2% faster reaction time (p < 0.001, d = 1.21), 12.4% increased endurance (p = 0.002), and 22.3-point higher resilience scores (p < 0.001). EEG revealed sustained beta power elevation over the left DLPFC (+2.1 dB at follow-up, p = 0.01), mediating 41% of resilience gains through reduced amygdala reactivity (HRV analysis, β = 0.64, p = 0.003). Skill-based athletes showed greater cognitive benefits, while endurance athletes exhibited stronger psychological gains, with sex-specific effects noted (females: better tDCS response; males: superior NF anxiety reduction).
Conclusion: Combined NF and tDCS induces durable, sport-specific enhancements in both performance and resilience, likely through prefrontal-amygdala circuit plasticity. These findings advocate for personalized neuromodulation protocols in elite sports while highlighting the need for ethical frameworks governing neuroenhancement technologies.

تازه های تحقیق

Key Message:

 

This study demonstrates that combining neurofeedback (NF) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) produces synergistic, long-lasting improvements in both athletic performance (15.2% faster reaction time, 12.4% increased endurance) and psychological resilience (22.3-point gain) in elite athletes. The intervention induces durable neuroplastic changes in prefrontal-amygdala circuits, with effects persisting for 8 weeks, offering a scientifically validated, 

personalized approach to optimizing both physical and mental aspects of elite sports performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها
Neuroenhancement؛ Athletic Performance؛ Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs)؛ Psychological Resilience؛ Elite Athletes
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Role of Neurofeedback and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (tDCS/rTMS) in Enhancing Athletic Performance and Psychological Resilience in Elite Athletes
نویسندگان [English]
Georgian Badicu1؛ Rui Miguel Silva2؛ Seifeddine Brini3؛ Francisco Tomas Gonzalez-Fernandes4؛ Luca Paolo Ardigò5
1Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500068 Braşov, Romania.
2Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal; ResearchCenter in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
3Research Unit, Sportive Sciences, Health and Movement, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, 7100 Kef, Tunisia
4Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
5Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, 0166 Oslo, Norway.
چکیده [English]
Objective: This study investigated the synergistic effects of neurofeedback (NF) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on enhancing athletic performance and psychological resilience in elite athletes, addressing critical gaps in standardized protocols and long-term efficacy within sports neuroscience.
Methods: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover design was employed with 60 national-level athletes (30 male, 30 female) stratified by sport type (endurance/skill-based). Participants underwent 10 sessions of either: (1) active NF (SMR upregulation via 64-channel EEG) + active tDCS (2mA over left DLPFC), (2) active NF + sham tDCS, (3) sham NF + active tDCS, or (4) sham NF + sham tDCS. Primary outcomes included sport-specific performance metrics (reaction time, time-to-exhaustion) and psychological resilience (CD-RISC-25), with secondary EEG measures (beta power, P300) assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 8-week follow-up.
Results: The combined NF+tDCS group demonstrated superior improvements versus sham controls: 15.2% faster reaction time (p < 0.001, d = 1.21), 12.4% increased endurance (p = 0.002), and 22.3-point higher resilience scores (p < 0.001). EEG revealed sustained beta power elevation over the left DLPFC (+2.1 dB at follow-up, p = 0.01), mediating 41% of resilience gains through reduced amygdala reactivity (HRV analysis, β = 0.64, p = 0.003). Skill-based athletes showed greater cognitive benefits, while endurance athletes exhibited stronger psychological gains, with sex-specific effects noted (females: better tDCS response; males: superior NF anxiety reduction).
Conclusion: Combined NF and tDCS induces durable, sport-specific enhancements in both performance and resilience, likely through prefrontal-amygdala circuit plasticity. These findings advocate for personalized neuromodulation protocols in elite sports while highlighting the need for ethical frameworks governing neuroenhancement technologies.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Neuroenhancement, Athletic Performance, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs), Psychological Resilience, Elite Athletes
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