Evaluating Strong Emergentism: An Argument for Non-Physical Substantial Strong Emergentism | ||
| پژوهش‌های فلسفی -کلامی | ||
| دوره 26، شماره 1، فروردین 1403، صفحه 67-84 اصل مقاله (1.38 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22091/jptr.2024.10175.2983 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Mohammad Mehdipour1؛ Abdolrasoul Kashfi* 2 | ||
| 1PhD of Philosophy of Religion, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Physicalists and dualists have failed to provide a convincing answer to the mind-body problem. This is because they, respectively, sacrifice mental causation and neglect the close relationship between the mind and the body. To tackle this, some contemporary philosophers, such as Timothy O’Connor and Jonathan Jacobs, have turned to the concept of strong emergentism. This perspective views the mind as an emergent physical substance with autonomous causal powers. If this standpoint is tenable, it holds promise for resolving the mind-body problem. Nevertheless, the idea of strong emergentism faces substantial challenges. This article aims to achieve two objectives. First, it addresses these challenges and asserts that, even in the face of the most serious concern, “the collapse problem”, a specific interpretation of strong emergentism remains unthreatened. Second, we contend that while O’Connor and Jacobs present a thought-provoking proposal, its clarity is hindered, and a thorough understanding is only possible when we perceive the emergent substance as more than merely physical. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Strong emergentism؛ Mind-body problem؛ Timothy O’Connor؛ Jonathan Jacobs؛ Substance dualism؛ Physicalism؛ Mental causation | ||
| موضوعات | ||
| فلسفه اخلاق | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluating Strong Emergentism: An Argument for Non-Physical Substential Strong Emergentism | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Mehdipour1؛ Abdolrasoul Kashfi2 | ||
| 1PhD of Philosophy of Religion, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Physicalists and dualists have been unable to give a convincing answer to the mind-body problem, because they sacrifice, respectively, the mental causation and the close relationship between mind and body. Consequently, some recent philosophers, like Timothy O'Connor and Jonathan Jacobs, have turned to the idea of strong emergentism considereing the mind as an emergent but physical substance that has independent causal powers. If this answer is defensible, it will be a promising approach to solve the mind-body problem. However, there are significant challenges facing the idea of strong emergentism. In this article, we have two objectives: firstly, to address these challenges and to show that even the most serious one, the Collapse Problem, cannot threaten a particular understanding of strong emergentism. Secondly, we argue that O'Connor and Jacobs's proposal, although thought-provoking, is not comprehensible and can only be understood clearly when we consider the emergent substance to be not merely physical. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Strong Emergentism, Mind-Body problem, O'Connor and Jacobs, Substance Dualsim, Physicalism, Mental Causation, Substance and Property | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Baysan, U., & Wilson, J. (2017). Must strong emergence collapse? Philosophica, 91, 49-104.
Bennett, K. (2017). Making things up. Oxford University Press.
Broad, C. D. (1925). The mind and its place in nature, Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hasker, W. (2018) The case for emergent dualism. In J. Loose, A. Menuge, & J. P. Moreland (Eds.), The Blackwell companion to substance dualism (pp. 62-72). Wiley Blackwell.
Heil, J. (2012). The universe as we find it. Clarendon Press.
Heil, J. (2017). Downward causation. In M. Paolini, & P. and F. Orilia (Eds.), Philosophical and scientific perspectives on downward causation (pp. 42-53). Routledge.
Kulstad, M., & Carlin, L. (2020). Leibniz’s philosophy of mind. The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Winter 2020 Edition). (E. N. Zalta, Ed.). URL: <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2020/entries/leibniz-mind/>.
Lowe, E, J. (2010). Substance dualism: a non-Cartesian approach. In R. C. Koons & G. Bealer (Eds.), The waning of materialism (pp. 439-461). Oxford University Press.
Martin, C. B. (1980). Substance substantiated. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 58, 3–10. O’Connor, T. (2018). For emergent individualism. In J. J. Loose, A. J. L. Menuge, & J. P. Moreland (Eds.), The Blackwell companion to substance dualism (pp. 369-376). Wiley Blackwell. O’Connor, T. (2020). Emergent properties. The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. (E. N. Zalta, Ed.). URL= <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/properties-emergent/>. O’Connor, T. (2020). Emergent Properties. The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. (E. N. Zalta, Ed.). URL= <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/properties-emergent/>. O’Connor, T., & Jacobs, J. D. (2003). Emergent individuals. The Philosophical Quarterly, 53(213), 540-555.
O’Connor, T., & Wong, H. Y. (2005). The Metaphysics of Emergence. Nous, 39(4), 658-678.
Rickabaugh, B. L. (2018). Against emergent dualism. In J. J. Loose, A. J. L. Menuge, & J. P. Moreland (Eds.), The Blackwell companion to substance dualism (pp. 73-86). Wiley Blackwell. Searle, J. (1992). The rediscovery of the mind. MIT Press.
Taylor, E. (2015). Collapsing Emergence. Philosophical Quarterly, 65, 732-753.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 10,068 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 397 |
||