ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای ساختمانهای بیمارستانی بتنآرمه با استفاده از روش غربالگری سریع چشمی بر اساس ضوابط FEMA P-154 و نشریه 364 | ||
پژوهش های زیرساخت های عمرانی | ||
مقاله 11، دوره 9، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 17، دی 1402، صفحه 77-93 اصل مقاله (1.71 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22091/cer.2023.9178.1462 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
عبد العلی رؤفی* 1؛ علی خیرالدین2؛ حسین نادرپور3 | ||
1دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه سمنان، ایران. | ||
2استاد ممتاز، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه سمنان، ایران. | ||
3استاد، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه سمنان، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
زلزله از جمله بلایای طبیعی است که با خود، آثار شدید فیزیکی و خسارتهای اقتصادی و جانی را به همراه دارد. از اینرو، ارزیابی میزان خسارت، آسیبپذیری و برنامهریزی بهمنظور آمادگی و کاهش خطر قبل از وقوع زلزله، امری ضروری است. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای بیمارستانهای موجود شهر کابل انجام شد. در پژوهش حاضر، 23 بیمارستان که دارای 60 ساختمان بتن آرمه موجود بودند با تکنیک غربالگری سریع چشمی (RVS) ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای شد. ساختمانها براساس شاخصهای کلیدی مصوب در FEMA P-154و نشریه 364 نمرهدهی و تحلیل شدند. در بررسی آسیبپذیری لرزهای هیچ یک از ساختمانها حداقل امتیاز قابلقبول را کسب نکرد. علیرغم اینکه بیمارستانهای شهر کابل در شرایط عادی فعال هستند؛ در شرایط بحرانی عواملی مانند ضعف مقاومت سازهای، غیرسازهای و رعایت نکردن ضوابط طراحی میتواند سبب اختلال عملکرد و ناکارآمدی بیمارستانها گردد. احتمال شکست این ساختمانها با در نظر گرفتن امتیاز نهایی به ازای یک رخداد لرزهای MCER بین 3.16 تا 45.6% بوده، بهطوری که نشاندهنده این است که در زمان وقوع پدیدههای مخرب چون زلزله، احتمال وارد شدن خسارت به ساختمانها و خارج شدن آنها از چرخه کاربری ویژه خود وجود خواهد داشت. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش، احتمال آسیبپذیری لرزهای ساختمانهای بیمارستانی بتن آرمه موجود در شهر کابل در زمان زلزله وجود دارد و درجه این آسیبپذیری لرزهای از کم تا زیاد متفاوت است. بنابراین این ساختمانها باید مورد ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای کیفی قرار گیرند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
ارزیابی آسیبپذیری؛ پیشگیری بحران؛ درجه آسیبپذیری؛ ساختمان بیمارستانی؛ غربالگری سریع چشمی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Hospital Buildings Using Rapid Visual Screening Method According to FEMA P-154 criteria and Iranian Code #364 | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Abdul Ali Raoufy1؛ Ali Kheyroddin2؛ Hosein Naderpour3 | ||
1Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. | ||
2Distinguished Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. | ||
3Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Earthquake is one of the natural disasters that have physical, economic and life-threatening outcomes. Therefore, in order to be prepared and reduce the risk before an earthquake occurs, the amount of damage and vulnerability assessments and planning are necessary. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the seismic vulnerability of existing hospitals in Kabul City. In the present study, 23 hospitals that have 60 existing reinforced concrete buildings were assessed for seismic vulnerability using the Rapid Visual Screening technique. The buildings were scored and analyzed based on the key indicators approved in FEMA P-154 and Iranian Code #364. None of the buildings received Cut- Off Score in the seismic vulnerability assessment. Despite the hospitals of Kabul City are active under normal conditions; in critical conditions, factors such as weak structural and non-structural resistance and non-compliance with design criteria can cause malfunctions and ineffectiveness of hospitals. Considering the Final Scores, the probability of collapse attributed to these buildings in a MCE (Maximum Considered Earthquake) seismic event, are between 3.16 and 45.6%, which indicates that during the occurrence of destructive phenomena such as earthquakes, there will be a possibility of damaging the buildings and getting out of their special cycle of use. According to the result, there is a possibility of seismic vulnerability of existing reinforced concrete hospital buildings in Kabul City during an earthquake. The degree of this seismic vulnerability varies from low to high. Therefore, these buildings should be subjected to a detailed seismic vulnerability assessment. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Vulnerability assessment, Crisis prevention, Degree of vulnerability, Hospital building, Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) | ||
مراجع | ||
[1] Menekşe, A., & Akdağ, H. C. (2022). Seismic Risk Analysis of Hospital Buildings: A Novel Interval-Valued Spherical Fuzzy ARAS. Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, 12(2). doi: 10.54560/jracr.v12i2.325 [2] Perrone, D., Aiello, M. A., Pecce, M., & Rossi, F. (2015). Rapid visual screening for seismic evaluation of RC hospital buildings. In Structures, 3, 57-70. doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2015.03.002 [3] Cimellaro, G. P., Reinhorn, A. M., & Bruneau, M. (2010). Seismic resilience of a hospital system. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 6(1-2), 127-144. doi: 10.1080/15732470802663847 [4] Roshani, D., & Karimian, A. (2021). Earthquake Preparedness in Iranian Hospitals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Bulletin of Emergency & Trauma, 9(1), 1-8. doi: 10.30476/beat.2021.86968 [5] Mohammad, A. F., Khan, R. A., Siddiqui, M. A., & Hammad, M. (2022). Case Study: Rapid Seismic Assessment of Existing Hospitals in Karachi. Engineering Proceedings, 22(1), 8-14. doi: 10.3390/engproc2022022008 [6] Ardalan, A., Najafi, A., Sabzghabaie, A., Zonoobi, V., Ardalan, S., Khankeh, H., & Zahabi, M. (2011). A pilot study: Development of a local model to hospital disaster risk assessment. Hospital Journal, 9(3 and 4), 7-14. [7] Organization, W. H. (2015). Hospital safety index: Guide for evaluators. World Health Organization, ISBN: 9789241548984, CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. [8] Pan American Health Organization. Emergency Preparedness, & Disaster Relief Coordination Program. (2000). Principles of disaster mitigation in health facilities. Pan American Health Org. [9] Ayres, J. M., & Phillips, R. J. (1998). Water damage in hospitals resulting from the Northridge earthquake. ASHRAE Transactions, 104, 1286. [10] Fleming, R. P. (1998). Analysis of fire sprinkler systems performance in the northridge earthquake. Grant/Contract Reports (NISTGCR), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 98-736. [11] Homma, M. (2015). Development of the Japanese national disaster medical system and experiences during the great east Japan earthquake. Yonago acta medica, 58(2), 53-61. [12] Tokas, C., & Lobo, R. (2010). Risk based seismic evaluation of Pre-1973 hospital buildings using the HAZUS methodology. In Improving the Seismic Performance of Existing Buildings and Other Structures, 137-152. doi: 10.1061/41084(364)14 [13] UNICEF. (2004). Crisis appeal earthquake in Bam, Iran. New York: UNICEF. [14] Miranda, E., Mosqueda, G., Retamales, R., & Pekcan, G. (2012). Performance of nonstructural components during the 27 February 2010 Chile earthquake. Earthquake spectra, 28(1_suppl1), 453-471. doi: 10.1193/1.4000032 [15] Yavari, S., Chang, S. E., & Elwood, K. J. (2010). Modeling post-earthquake functionality of regional health care facilities. Earthquake spectra, 26(3), 869-892. doi: 10.1193/1.3460359 [16] Pianigiani, M. (2015). Seismic resilience of hospitals. Doctoral dissertation, Technische Universität Braunschweig. [17] Salinas, C., Salinas, C., & Kurata, J. (1998). The effects of the Northridge earthquake on the pattern of emergency department care. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 16(3), 254-256. doi: 10.1016/S0735-6757(98)90095-X [18] Safaei, S., Naderpour, H., & Gerami, M. (2020). Reliability assessment of RC frames rehabilitated by eccentrically braces having vertical shear link. SN Applied Sciences, 2, 1-14. doi: 10.1007/s42452-020-2288-0 [19] Rouhi, H., Gholhaki, M., & Kheyroddin, A. (2017). Assesment and seismic rehabilitation of reinforced concrete building with large-scale external brace. Civil Infrastructure Researches, 3(1), 51-67. doi: 10.22091/cer.2017.1943.1077 [In Persian] [20] Naderpour, H., Ghodrati Amiri, G., Kheyroddin, A., & Hoseini Vaez, S. R. (2011). Seismic evaluation of retrofitted RC frames using neuro-fuzzy algorithms. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN, 446-452. [21] Rasoolan, I., & Mousavi, S. A. (2018). Vulnerability assessment of RC structures by adopting an approach covering constructional and environmental impacts and presenting rehabilitation solutions-a case study of Abadan Panje Mehr Stadium. Civil Infrastructure Researches, 3(2), 61-77. doi: 10.22091/cer.2017.2096.1083 [In Persian] [22] Riga, E., Karatzetzou, A., Mara, A., & Pitilakis, K. (2017). Uncertainties in Seismic Risk Assessment at Urban Scale. The Case of Thessaloniki, Greece. Procedia environmental sciences, 38, 340-347. doi: 10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.090 [23] Ahmadi, M., Naderpour, H., Kheyroddin, A., & Gandomi, A. H. (2017). Seismic failure probability and vulnerability assessment of steel-concrete composite structures. Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, 61(4), 939-950. doi: 10.3311/PPci.10548 [24] Haji, M. (2017). Study of RC Structures with Different Floor in Progressive Collapse. Civil Infrastructure Researches, 2(2), 29-42. doi: 10.22091/cer.2017.827 [In Persian] [25] Samadian, D., Ghafory-Ashtiany, M., Naderpour, H., & Eghbali, M. (2019). Seismic resilience evaluation based on vulnerability curves for existing and retrofitted typical RC school buildings. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 127, 105844. doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105844 [26] Ghaychi Afrouz, S., Farzampour, A., Hejazi, Z., & Mojarab, M. (2021). Evaluation of seismic vulnerability of hospitals in the Tehran metropolitan area. Buildings, 11(2), 54-69. doi: 10.3390/buildings11020054 [27] Lazzali, F., & Farsi, M. N. (2020). Rapid Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings in the Old Algiers. Journal of Materials and Engineering Structures «JMES», 7(3), 377-387. [28] Ali, S., & Sanghai, S. S. (2020). Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of RC Buildings of Nagpur (North-East) using Rapid Visual Screening. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 8(VI), 630-637. doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2020.6103 [29] Bektaş, N., & Kegyes-Brassai, O. (2023). Development in Fuzzy Logic-Based Rapid Visual Screening Method for Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings. Geosciences, 13(1), 6. doi: 10.3390/geosciences13010006 [30] Myat Myat, A. M., & Nan, A. M. (2021). Seismic safety assessment of existing low-rise rc buildings with rapid visual screenings and preliminary evaluation methods. ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development, 38(1), 29-36. doi: 10.29037/ajstd.649 [31] Sinha, A. K. (2022). Rapid visual screening vulnerability assessment method of buildings: a review. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration, 9(88), 326-336. doi: 10.19101/IJATEE.2021.87460 [32] Haryanto, Y., Hu, H.-T., Han, A. L., Hidayat, B. A., Widyaningrum, A., & Yulianita, P. E. (2020). Seismic Vulnerability Assessment Using Rapid Visual Screening: Case Study of Educational Facility Buildings of Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia. Civil Engineering Dimension, 22(1), 13-21. doi: 10.9744/ced.22.1.13-21 [33] Guragain, R., & Dixit, A. M. (2004). Seismic vulnerability assessment of hospitals in Nepal. In 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canadá. [34] Clemente, S. J. C., Arreza, J. S. B., Cortez, M. A. M., Imperial, J. R. C., & Malabanan, M. J. F. (2020). Risk assessment of seismic vulnerability of all hospitals in Manila using rapid visual screening (RVS). In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 479(1), 012002. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/479/1/012002 [35] Jain, S. K., Mitra, K., Kumar, M., & Shah, M. (2010). A proposed rapid visual screening procedure for seismic evaluation of RC-frame buildings in India. Earthquake Spectra, 26(3), 709-729. doi: 10.1193/1.3456711 [36] Khan, S. U., Qureshi, M. I., Rana, I. A., & Maqsoom, A. (2019). Seismic vulnerability assessment of building stock of Malakand (Pakistan) using FEMA P-154 method. SN Applied Sciences, 1(12), 1625. doi: 10.1007/s42452-019-1681-z [37] Boyd, O. S., Mueller, C. S., & Rukstales, K. S. (2007). Preliminary earthquake hazard map of Afghanistan. US Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2007, 1137. [38] Naseri, M. K., & Kang, D. (2017). A primary assessment of society-based earthquake disaster mitigation in Kabul city, Afghanistan. Journal of Disaster Research, 12(1), 158-162. doi: 10.20965/jdr.2017.p0158 [39] Takabayashi, H. (2019). Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment of Kabul, Afghanistan Risk Assessment is Piloted in 3 Gozars. UN-HABITAT Afghanistan-Iran Government. [40] Crone, A. J. (2007). Earthquakes pose a serious hazard in Afghanistan, Retrieved from Geological Survey (US) 2327-6932. [41] Zhang, J., Gurung, D. R., Liu, R., Murthy, M. S. R., & Su, F. (2015). Abe Barek landslide and landslide susceptibility assessment in Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan. Landslides, 12, 597-609. doi: 10.1007/s10346-015-0558-5 [42] Baruah, S., Dey, C., Chetia, T., Saikia, S., Molia, N., Borthakur, P., ... & Kayal, J. R. (2022). The June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake MW 6.2: Tectonic implications and Coulomb stress change. PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2336128/v1 [43] Ethiopia, K., & Somalia, S. S. (2022). Public health round-up. Bull World Health Organ, 100, 468-469. doi: 10.2471/BLT.22.011222 [44] Essar, M. Y., Nemat, A., Islam, Z., Ahmad, S., & Shah, J. (2022). Devastating earthquake in Afghanistan amid a humanitarian crisis: a call for action. The Lancet Global Health, 10(9), e1244-e1245. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00318-7 [45] Ruleman, C. A., Crone, A., Machette, M., Haller, K., & Rukstales, K. (2007). Map and database of probable and possible Quaternary faults in Afghanistan. US Geological Survey Open-File Report, 1103(1), 39. [46] Shnizai, Z. (2020). Mapping of active and presumed active faults in Afghanistan by interpretation of 1-arcsecond SRTM anaglyph images. Journal of Seismology, 24(6), 1131-1157. doi: 10.1007/s10950-020-09933-4 [47] Coskun, O., Aldemir, A., & Sahmaran, M. (2020). Rapid screening method for the determination of seismic vulnerability assessment of RC building stocks. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 18, 1401-1416. doi: 10.1007/s10518-019-00751-9 [48] Quittmeyer, R., & Jacob, K. (1979). Historical and modern seismicity of Pakistan, Afghanistan, northwestern India, and southeastern Iran. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 69(3), 773-823. doi: 10.1785/BSSA0690030773 [49] Ambraseys, N., & Bilham, R. (2014). The tectonic setting of Bamiyan and seismicity in and near Afghanistan for the past twelve centuries. After the Destruction of Giant Buddha Statues in Bamiyan (Afghanistan) in 2001: A UNESCO's Emergency Activity for the Recovering and Rehabilitation of Cliff and Niches, 101-152. [50] Takabayashi, H. Urban disaster risk reduction strategy in fragile contexts: a case from Kabul, Afghanistan. [51] Mohammadi, M., & Fujimi, T. (2016). Surveying earthquake vulnerabilities of district 13 of Kabul City, Afghanistan. International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 10(5), 642-652. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1124841 [52] Reddy, M. D. K., Jeyashree, T., & Reddy, C. D. (2021). A Case Study on Vulnerability Risk Assessment of Buildings in Chennai Using Rapid Visual Screening. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 2183-2192. [53] Harirchian, E., & Lahmer, T. (2019). Earthquake hazard safety assessment of buildings via smartphone app: A comparative study. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 652(1), 012069. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/652/1/012069 [54] Kassem, M. M., Nazri, F. M., & Farsangi, E. N. (2020). The seismic vulnerability assessment methodologies: A state-of-the-art review. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 11(4), 849-864. doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2020.04.001 [55] Kassem, M. M., Beddu, S., Ooi, J. H., Tan, C. G., Mohamad El-Maissi, A., & Mohamed Nazri, F. (2021). Assessment of seismic building vulnerability using rapid visual screening method through web-based application for Malaysia. Buildings, 11(10), 485. doi: 10.3390/buildings11100485 [56] Dung, C., & Care, U. G. C. (2022). RAIN WATER HARVESTING: A. Management, 827, 3383. doi: 10.37896/ymer21.08/09 [57] Kapetana, P., & Dritsos, S. (2007). Seismic assessment οf buildings by rapid visual screening procedures. Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures VI, 93, 409. [58] Harirchian, E., & Lahmer, T. (2020). Developing a hierarchical type-2 fuzzy logic model to improve rapid evaluation of earthquake hazard safety of existing buildings. In Structures, 1384-1399. doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2020.09.048 [59] Ishack, S., Bhattacharya, S. P., & Maity, D. (2021). Rapid Visual Screening method for vertically irregular buildings based on Seismic Vulnerability Indicator. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 54, 102037. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102037 [60] Rupakheti, D., & Apichayakul, P. (2019). Development of rapid visual screening form for Nepal based on the data collected from-its 2015 earthquake. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 365(1), 012027. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/365/1/012027 [61] Ningthoujam, M., & Nanda, R. P. (2018). Rapid visual screening procedure of existing building based on statistical analysis. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 28, 720-730. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.01.033 [62] Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA P-154. (2015). Rapid visual screening of buildings for potential seismic hazards: a handbook. Federal, Washington, D.C. USA. [63] Rojahn, C. (1988). Rapid visual screening of buildings for potential seismic hazards: A handbook, 21, Federal Emergency Management Agency. [64] Özbay, A. E. Ö., Karapınar, I. S., & Ünen, H. C. (2020). Visualization of seismic vulnerability of buildings with the use of a mobile data transmission and an automated GIS-based tool. In Structures, 50-58. doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2020.01.004 [65] Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA P-155. (2015). Rapid visual screening of buildings for potential seismic hazards: Supporting documentation: Government Printing Office. 3rd ed.; Washington, DC, USA. [66] Yang, Y., & Goettel, K. A. (2007). Enhanced rapid visual screening (E-Rvs) method for prioritization of seismic retrofits in Oregon. Portland, OR, USA: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. [67] Rapid Seismic Evauation of Existing Building. (2008). Office of Deputy for Strategic Monitoring Burean of Technical Execution Systems. No. 364. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 598 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 250 |