- جوادپور، مریم، 1395ش، «حمایت از حق سلامت کودکان در مخاصمات مسلحانه از منظر اسلام و حقوق بشردوستانه بینالمللی»، پژوهش تطبیقی حقوق اسلام و غرب، دوره 3، ش4.
- حوبه، عبدالقادر بشیر، 2020م، الوضع القانونی للمقاتلین فی القانون الدولی الإنسانی: دراسه تحلیلیه، عمان، دار الثقافه للنشر و التوزیع، چ1.
- رفیق سعید، زانا، 2017م، «جریمه تجنید الأطفال فی النزاعات المسلحه و سبل مکافحتها»، دراسات قانونیه و سیاسیه، دوره 5، ش9.
- قانون رقم (11) قانون إضافه ماده جدیده علی قانون العقوبات حول إشراک الأطفال فی الأعمال القتالیه [سوریه] (2013)؛ قابل دسترس در:
- <http://parliament.gov.sy/arabic/index.php?node=55151&nid=4265&First=0&Last=23&CurrentPage=0&mid=&refBack=>.
- قانون رقم (37) قانون العمل [عراق] (2015)؛ قابل دسترس در:
- <http://iraqld.hjc.iq/LoadLawBook.aspx?page=1&SC=020220164139899&BookID=32566>.
- قانون رقم (10) قانون المحکمه الجنائیه العراقیه العلیا [عراق] (2005)؛ قابل دسترس در:
- <http://iraqld.hjc.iq/LoadLawBook.aspx?SC=290320063454599>.
- کود جزای افغانستان ،1396ش، ضمیمه فوقالعاده جریده رسمی، مدیر طرح محمد رحیم دقیق، کابل: مطبعه بهیر، چ2.
- میرمحمدی، سیدمصطفی، 1387ش، «حمایت از کودکان در مخاصمات مسلحانه (رهیافتهای حقوق بینالملل و حقوق اسلام)»، حقوق بشر، دوره 2، ش2.
- نصیر جواد، یسر، 2018م، جریمتی التجنید و الإغتصاب الواقعه علی الأطفال فی النزاعات المسلحه غیر الدولیه من قبل الکیانات غیر الدولیه، اطروحه للماجستیر، عَمان، جامعه الشرق الأوسط.
- Bloom, Mia, Horgan, John and Winter, Charlie (2016), "Depictions of Children and Youth in the Islamic State’s Martyrdom Propaganda, 2015-2016", CTC Sentinel, Vol. 9, Issue. 2.
- Chase, Anthony and Hamzawy, Amr (2013), Human Rights in the Arab World: Independent Voices, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Convention on the Rights of the Child )1989(, Retrieved from <https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx>.
- Dörmann, Knut (2003), Elements of War Crimes under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Drumbl, Mark A. and Barrett, Jastine C. (2019), Research Handbook on Child Soldiers, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Henckaerts, Jean-Marie and Doswald-Beck, Louise (2009), Customary International Humanitarian Law: Rules, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism [NCTV] & General Intelligence and Security Service [AIVD] (2017), The Children of ISIS: The indoctrination of minors in ISIS-held territory, Hague: The General Intelligence and Security Service In Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations.
- Nyamutata, Conrad (2020), "Young Terrorists or Child Soldiers? ISIS Children, International Law and Victimhood", Journal of Conflict and Security Law, Vol. 25, No. 2.
- Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict )2000(, Retrieved from <https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/opaccrc.aspx>
- Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I) )1977(, Retrieved from <https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/INTRO/470>.
- Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II) )1977(, Retrieved from <https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=AA0C5BCBAB5C4A85C12563CD002D6D09&action=openDocument>.
- Report of the Secretary-General on Children and armed conflict in Afghanistan [S/2021/662], Retrieved from <https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2021/662&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC>.
- Report of the Secretary-General on Children and armed conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic [S/2021/398], Retrieved from <https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2021/398&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC>.
- Report of the Secretary-General on Children and armed conflict in Yemen [S/2019/453], Retrieved from <https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2019/453&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC>.
- Resolution 2 of 26th International Conference of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement )1995(, Retrieved from <https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/resolution/26-international-conference-resolution-2-1995.htm>.
- Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court )1998(, Retrieved from https://www.icc-cpi.int/resource-library/documents/rs-eng.pdf>.
- The Paris Principles: Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces or Armed Groups )2007(, Retrieved from <https://www.unicef.org/mali/media/1561/file/ParisPrinciples.pdf>.
- The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo [ICC-01/04-01/06-803-tEN] [2007], Decision on the confirmation of charges, Retrieved from <https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2007_02360.PDF>.
- Triffterer, Otto and Ambos, Kai (2016), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, Munich: The C.H. Beck – Hart – Nomos, 3rdEd.
- Tsagourias, Nicholas and Morrison, Alasdair (2018), International Humanitarian Law: Cases, Materials and Commentary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1stEd.
- Udombana, Nsongurua J. (2006), "War is Not Child's Play! International Law and the Prohibition of Children's Involvement in Armed Conflicts", Temple International & Comparative Law Journal, Vol. 20, No. 1.
- Vale, Gina (2018), Cubs in the Lions’ Den: Indoctrination and Recruitment of Children Within Islamic State Territory, London: ICSR publications.
- Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, Adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna )1993(, Retrieved from <https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/vienna.aspx>.
- Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention)1999(, Retrieved from <https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C182>.
References:
Books and articles
- Javadpour, maryam (2017), "Protection of the Children’s Right to Health In Armed Conflicts; From the Perspective of Islam and International Humanitarian Law", Comparative Study on Islamic & Western Law, Vol.3, No. 4.
- Hubah, Abd al-Qadir Bashir (2020), The legal status of combatants in international humanitarian law: an analytical study, Amman, Dar Al-Thaqafa, 1st Edition.
- Rafeeq Saeed, Zana (2017), "The Crime of Recruiting Children in Armed Conflicts and Ways to Combat It", Legal and Political Studies, Vol.5, No. 9.
- Mirmohammadi, Seyed Mostafa (2007), "Protection of the Children in Armed Conflicts (Approaches of International Law and Islamic Law)", The Journal of Human Rights, Vol. 2, No. 2.
- Naseer Jawad, Yusur (2018), The Offenses of Recruitment and Rape of Children in Non-International Armed Conflicts by Non-International Entities, Master’s Thesis, Amman, Middle East University.
- Bloom, Mia, Horgan, John and Winter, Charlie (2016), "Depictions of Children and Youth in the Islamic State’s Martyrdom Propaganda, 2015-2016", CTC Sentinel, Vol. 9, Issue. 2.
- Chase, Anthony and Hamzawy, Amr (2013), Human Rights in the Arab World: Independent Voices, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Dörmann, Knut (2003), Elements of War Crimes under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Drumbl, Mark A. and Barrett, Jastine C. (2019), Research Handbook on Child Soldiers, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Henckaerts, Jean-Marie and Doswald-Beck, Louise (2009), Customary International Humanitarian Law: Rules, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism [NCTV] & General Intelligence and Security Service [AIVD] (2017), The Children of ISIS: The indoctrination of minors in ISIS-held territory, Hague: The General Intelligence and Security Service In Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations.
- Nyamutata, Conrad (2020), "Young Terrorists or Child Soldiers? ISIS Children, International Law and Victimhood", Journal of Conflict and Security Law, Vol. 25, No. 2.
- Triffterer, Otto and Ambos, Kai (2016), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, Munich: The C.H. Beck – Hart – Nomos, 3rdEd.
- Tsagourias, Nicholas and Morrison, Alasdair (2018), International Humanitarian Law: Cases, Materials and Commentary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1stEd.
- Udombana, Nsongurua J. (2006), "War is Not Child's Play! International Law and the Prohibition of Children's Involvement in Armed Conflicts", Temple International & Comparative Law Journal, Vol. 20, No. 1.
- Vale, Gina (2018), Cubs in the Lions’ Den: Indoctrination and Recruitment of Children Within Islamic State Territory, London: ICSR publications.
Statutes, Documents and Reports
- Law No. (11) Law adding a new article to the Penal Code regarding the involvement of children in hostilities [Syria], (2013), Retrieved from <http://parliament.gov.sy/arabic/index.php?node=55151&nid=4265&First=0&Last=23&CurrentPage=0&mid=&refBack=>.
- Law No. (37) Labor Code [Iraq], (2015), Retrieved from <http://iraqld.hjc.iq/LoadLawBook.aspx?page=1&SC=020220164139899&BookID=32566>.
- Law No. (10) Law of the Supreme Iraqi Criminal Court [Iraq], (2005), Retrieved from <http://iraqld.hjc.iq/LoadLawBook.aspx?SC=290320063454599>.
- Afghanistan Penal Code, (2017), Extraordinary Supplement to Official Gazette, Project Manager Mohammad Rahim Daqiq, Kabul: Bahir Press, 1396 SH.
- Convention on the Rights of the Child [1989], Retrieved from <https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx>.
- Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict [2000], Retrieved from <https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/opaccrc.aspx>
- Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I) [1977], Retrieved from <https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/INTRO/470>.
- Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II) [1977], Retrieved from <https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Treaty.xsp?documentId=AA0C5BCBAB5C4A85C12563CD002D6D09&action=openDocument>.
- Report of the Secretary-General on Children and armed conflict in Afghanistan [S/2021/662], Retrieved from <https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2021/662&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC>.
- Report of the Secretary-General on Children and armed conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic [S/2021/398], Retrieved from <https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2021/398&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC>.
- Report of the Secretary-General on Children and armed conflict in Yemen [S/2019/453], Retrieved from <https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2019/453&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC>.
- Resolution 2 of 26th International Conference of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement [1995], Retrieved from <https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/resolution/26-international-conference-resolution-2-1995.htm>.
- Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court [1998], Retrieved from https://www.icc-cpi.int/resource-library/documents/rs-eng.pdf>.
- The Paris Principles: Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces or Armed Groups [2007], Retrieved from <https://www.unicef.org/mali/media/1561/file/ParisPrinciples.pdf>.
- The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo [ICC-01/04-01/06-803-tEN] [2007], Decision on the confirmation of charges, Retrieved from <https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2007_02360.PDF>.
- Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, Adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna [1993], Retrieved from <https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/vienna.aspx>.
- Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention [1999], Retrieved from <https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C182>.
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